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P-662H/HW-D Series User’s Guide

Appendix E IP Addresses and Subnetting 389

APPENDIX E

IP Addresses and Subnetting

This appendix introduces IP addresses, IP address classes and subnet masks. You use subnet

masks to subdivide a network into smaller logical networks.

Introduction to IP Addresses

An IP address has two parts: the network number and the host ID. Routers use the network

number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID identifies a single device on

the network.

An IP address is made up of four octets, written in dotted decimal notation, for example,

192.168.1.1. (An octet is an 8-digit binary number. Therefore, each octet has a possible range

of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.)

There are several classes of IP addresses. The first network number (192 in the above

example) defines the class of IP address. These are defined as follows:

• Class A: 0 to 127

• Class B: 128 to 191

• Class C: 192 to 223

• Class D: 224 to 239

• Class E:

240 to 255

IP Address Classes and Hosts

The class of an IP address determines the number of hosts you can have on your network.

• In a class A address the first octet is the network number, and the remaining three octets

are the host ID.

• In a class B address the first two octets make up the network number, and the two

remaining octets make up the host ID.

• In a class C address the first three octets make up the network number, and the last octet

is the host ID.

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